Regarding the dust and water resistance testing requirements for the product, in accordance with the testing specification IEC/EN 60529. As long as the product needs to prevent solid objects (such as arms, fingers, metal rods, metal wires, or even dust or liquids) from entering the internal part of the product, there is a set of standard testing equipment, methods, time, and corresponding judgment criteria.
The full name of the IEC/EN 60529 standard is Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code), which means the protection level provided by the product's enclosure. IP is the abbreviation of International Protection, meaning the internationally recognized protection level. Currently, more and more countries are adopting this standard, except in the United States and Canada, where dust and water resistance still follow their national standards such as UL50 and CSA.
Generally speaking, most IEC or EN product standards (product standards) when setting their dust and water resistance requirements, often make several modifications based on the conditions of IEC/EN 60529, such as testing conditions or judgment criteria, to meet the needs of their special products. These standards such as IEC/EN 60598 for lighting products, IEC/EN 60335 for household appliances, IEC/EN 60558 for power supply standards, and even IEC/EN 60950 for information products standards often have dust and water resistance testing requirements.

The products that need dust and water resistance testing are mostly under outdoor or humid conditions, such as lamps, advertising objects, air conditioning products, bathroom products, washing machines, swimming pool products, sauna room products, fish tank products, the power supplies of the above products, and even information products are increasingly emphasizing the dust and water resistance function.
The meaning of IP Code: IP N1 N2 Y Z
The first digit (N1): It can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or X, representing the ability to prevent solid objects from entering (dust protection).
The second digit (N2): It can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or X, representing the ability to prevent liquids from entering (waterproof).
The additional first letter (Y): It can be H, M, S, W, representing additional protection conditions.
The additional second letter (Z): It can be A, B, C, D, representing the ability to protect contact with dangerous components.

Post-test judgment
Generally, if there are no specific provisions in the product standards, the requirements for the IP5X dust test are as follows:
■ No talcum powder shall accumulate or enter the product. If any other dust enters, it may cause harm to the normal operation of the product or its safety.
■ No talcum powder shall enter to potentially reduce the creepage distance (creepage distance) and fail to meet safety requirements.
Generally, if there are no specific provisions in the product standards, the requirements for the IP6X dust test are as follows:
■ No dust shall enter the enclosure.
Generally, if there are no specific provisions in the product standards, the requirements for the IPX1-IPX6 waterproof test are as follows:
■ It shall not affect the normal operation of the product.
■ It shall not endanger the safety of the product.
■ It shall not allow water to enter the parts that are exposed to electricity or on the non-waterproof coils.
■ There shall be no water accumulation at the cable terminals or in the cable lines.